From resolution to creation: The seven-year journey to independence (1940-1947)

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Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) says “the state ensures order, security and justice.” The purpose of Pakistan’s emergence on the global map was to seek order, security and justice, especially for Muslims. The independence of this country was the result of the infinite struggle of its founder, Quaid-ul-Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who worked hard to establish a separate homeland for Indian Muslims from 1940 to 1947, ensuring their rights and identity. Since 1940, Jinnah’s political participation and speeches emphasized the need for a Muslim state where justice can prevail, and according to Islamic principles, order and security can be maintained. He presented the ideological map in the Lahore resolution, which eventually realized it in 1947.

In the provincial elections of 1937, the defeat of the Muslim League forced its leadership to assess the party’s weaknesses. As Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) wrote famously:

“The fighters fall on the battlefield,

How can a crawling baby fall?

The shock resulted in an important event in March 1940. The seventh seventh meeting of the All India Muslim League (AIML) was held in Lahore under the presidency of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The resolution of Pakistan, also known as the Lahore Resolution, was prepared by a four -member articles committee, headed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which includes Nawab Ismail, Malik Burkat Ali, and Alexander Hait Khan, and they were independently presented in connection with an independent house. For Muslims. In his presidential address at the AIML meeting, Jinnah emphasized the need to reorganize Muslims of the subcontinent as a separate nation and a representative organization of them as a Muslim League across India. He also demanded the active participation of women in the Pakistan Movement. His speech, along with the original text of the resolution, outlined the future struggle of the Muslims of the subcontinent.

The resolution said:

“Geographically controversial units have been converted into regions that should be formed so much, so that with such regional adjustments, which may be necessary, in areas where Muslims are in the majority in terms of digits, such as the northwestern and eastern regions of India, ‘independent states’.

The demands of the independent states indicated a turning point in the political stance of the Muslim leadership.

In his presidential speech, Quaid-ul-Usman Muhammad Ali Jinnah raised important questions:

“Why this declaration of non -cooperation to force the British to overthrow the Muslims? Why this threat of civil disobedience? Why fight for a constituency assembly just to determine whether Muslims agree or disagree that you are proud to represent your people with pride and pride?

Jinnah has clearly stated that the All India Congress had called for a constituency for only one community. He believed that he ignored the Muslim majority, and tried to include it in a single national identity. In his speech, Jinnah highlighted the discriminatory political stance of the Congress and the challenges facing Muslims, which strengthened the foundation of a separate homeland. He also cited the London Times, emphasizing that Hindus and Muslims were “completely separate and separate civilization.”

Following the Lahore resolution of 1940, Lord Linletgo introduced the August offer, which aims to provide some political relief to Indian Muslims. However, Jinnah rejected the proposal, as he failed to meet the demand for a separate homeland. While the August offer focused on political rights, Jinnah sought political freedom in the form of an independent Muslim state. “The state is a natural growth, and it is important,” Aristotle said in politics. Similarly, the formation of a separate homeland was necessary for Indian Muslims. Throughout the journey of independence, Jinnah was unaware of the resolution of Lahore’s resolution.

The rejecting the All India Muslim League’s Corps mission in 1942 showed his commitment not to accept any proposal that failed to maintain the demands of the Lahore resolution. Sir Staffor Corps struggled to discuss Indian support during World War II, but his promises of political representation for Indians did not properly resolve Muslim concerns.

The next important event of the journey from the resolution to the creation was Gandhi Jinnan Talk in 1944. Mohan Chand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) remained in his advocacy of the United India, while Jinnah emphasized the establishment of Pakistan. The talks eventually failed. In the next few years, various efforts were made to eliminate the gap between the Congress and the Muslim League, such as the 1945 conference and the Viceroy’s Executive Council (1946), but all failed due to a permanent demand for Jinnah’s separate homeland.

Due to the leadership of Jinnah and the mobilization of the Muslim people, the Muslim League won 90 % of Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly during the 1946 elections. His dedicated political efforts turned the Muslim League into a powerful lawyer for Muslim rights. With the failure of the cabinet mission plan in 1946, the demand for an independent Muslim state became inevitable. Finally, on August 14, 1947, a long dream of a separate homeland was felt for Muslims.

It took seven years to become a reality. Quaid-ul-Muhammad Ali Jinnah worked hard to secure a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. Max Weber properly described politics as “a strong and slow boring of hard -boards. On March 23, 1940, the Lahore Resolution was a fixed moment, as Jinnah addressed the injustice of the Congress and presented a road map for an independent state. The proverb is, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Jinnah’s will, the Muslims provided the way, and Pakistan emerged as the last destination.

-The author is a PhD scholar in the history of the department, the University of Karachi